CaptionA Hutu man at a Red Cross hospital, his face mutilated by the Hutu 'Interahamwe' militia, who suspected him of sympathizing with the Tutsi rebels. The animosity between the Hutu and Tutsi population groups in Rwanda had been simmering for decades. In April, the death of Hutu president Habyarimana in a plane crash near the capital of Kigali sparked murderous attacks on the Tutsi minority and Hutu moderates. The situation deteriorated further when the mainly Tutsi rebels of the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) started pushing south from their stronghold in northern Rwanda. A mass exodus of people trying to escape excessive violence was underway by July.
Organization / PublicationZ-Management for Das Magazin
CategoryChildren's Award
PrizeIndividual awards
Date1994
CountryUSA
PlacePine Ridge Reservation, Dakota
CaptionTokahewin Clifford (22) with her two sons. The defeat at the Battle of Wounded Knee in 1890 spelled the end of the freedom of the Lakota, a native American people, when the US cavalry killed 200 of them. Self-determination and the recovery of the Black Hills territory are the goals the Lakota have set themselves. They believe they are the Seventh Generation, who according to a prophesy by holy man Black Elk will recover the power lost when their land was conquered. The need to reconcile spiritual wealth and material poverty, dreams and the harsh realities of everyday life, characterizes their existence. Numbering some 20,000, today's Lakota live in the Pine Ridge Reservation.
CaptionA looter fends off stones and cinder blocks. He came under attack during the ransacking by hundreds of rioters of a food warehouse believed to be owned by an army officer. The incident happened a week after the arrival of the US forces which accompanied the return to power of President Aristide.
CaptionThugs armed with knives fend off their rivals during the looting which followed the American military intervention in Haiti. They were protecting their spoils to sell them later on the black market.
CaptionA policeman riddles a right-wing extremist with machine gun fire while a colleague appeals to him to stop. Three members of the Afrikaner Resistance Movement (AWB), called in by President Mangope to stave off the imminent general election, were killed. The homeland subsequently lost its autonomy.
CaptionThe scene of a suicide bomb attack. The exploded bus, which left 23 dead and 46 injured, constituted an unequivocal protest against the Middle East peace initiatives. The fundamentalist Hamas movement later claimed responsibility for the attack.
CaptionJuly - October. Assassinations have become so commonplace that murder victims no longer draw a crowd. When the failure of the economic embargo designed to force the military leaders of the western hemisphere's poorest nation from power had become undeniable, the US mobilized its military might to chase off General Cédras' dictatorial regime. Although greeted with enthusiasm by some, the arrival of American troops also triggered widespread pillaging. At first the US troops' orders turned them into mere witnesses, but at a later stage they intervened in shootings and attempted lynchings.
CaptionThe crowd starts moving at the sound of gunfire. The exodus of more than two million Rwandans from their war-torn country turned the border area in eastern Zaire into a vast refugee camp of people desperate with hunger, thirst, disease and fatigue. When three rounds of mortar fire landed near them, they panicked and ran. In the mass stampede more than 100 people perished, crushed and trampled underfoot.
CaptionThe first casualties lie by the roadside immediately after the attack. The outlawed Islamic Salvation Front continued its fight for power, targeting artists, intellectuals and foreigners among its thousands of victims. Some 15,000 protesters took to the streets of Algiers to demonstrate for democracy and against terrorism. Shortly after the march had started two grenades exploded in the crowd, leaving four dead and 60 injured. The fundamentalist Islamic Armed Group claimed responsibility.
CaptionA boy swims out to a raft leaving Cojimar beach for a final farewell to his father and brothers. The promise of freedom and prosperity coupled with the desperate situation at home caused tens of thousands of Cubans to take to the sea in an attempt to reach Florida, 150km across the water. When Fidel Castro lifted Cuba's tight travel restrictions in August the exodus reached a peak, with some 2,000 departures a day. Using hastily built, rickety vessels, countless refugees drowned in the shark-infested seas. The influx of Cubans into the US became a major problem for President Clinton. In early September he authorized direct talks to be held in New York, which resulted in an agreement designed to stem the tide of refugees.
CaptionA Hutu man at a Red Cross hospital, his face mutilated by the Hutu 'Interahamwe' militia, who suspected him of sympathizing with the Tutsi rebels. The animosity between the Hutu and Tutsi population groups in Rwanda had been simmering for decades. In April, the death of Hutu president Habyarimana in a plane crash near the capital of Kigali sparked murderous attacks on the Tutsi minority and Hutu moderates. The situation deteriorated further when the mainly Tutsi rebels of the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) started pushing south from their stronghold in northern Rwanda. A mass exodus of people trying to escape excessive violence was underway by July.
CaptionA family braves the flood water to escape from their home. Tannie Shannon (49) carries his 11-month-old granddaughter Andrea while his wife Francis keeps hold of Amadeus, their old English sheepdog.
CaptionSome people cover their faces because they mistakenly assume that cholera is transmitted through the air. Chaos and suffering in the border area near Goma, where over a million Rwandans have sought sanctuary from the horrendous civil war in their own country. The Red Cross erected tents in this area for 4,000 abandoned children in dire need of help. Hospital facilities had not yet been established and without the equipment to drill wells or dig latrines, little could be done to stop the cholera epidemic spreading. Within 24 hours of the first case being confirmed, more than 800 people died of the disease.
Organization / PublicationMagnum Photos for Stern / Time
CategoryGeneral News stories
Prize2nd prize
Date00-12-1994
CountryRussia
PlaceGrozny, Chechnya
CaptionA spiritual leader performs the 'Zikra' religious dance. One of more than 30 Muslim minorities, the Chechens have their own rituals. Yeltsin's attempts to subdue the rebel republic of Chechnya started with a show of strength followed by an ultimatum in December. When that didn't work, the Russian army bombed the capital of Grozny and surrounded it with tanks. The Russian invasion of Grozny was repeatedly rebuffed by the separatists, who were greatly outnumbered and had to buy their own inferior weapons. The largest Russian military operation since the Afghan war claimed many casualties among soldiers, rebels and civilians.
CaptionThe bodies of cholera victims are lined up by the side of a road near Kibumba, the largest refugee camp. In an attempt to escape from the civil war tearing their country apart, about a quarter of the Rwandan population crossed the border into Zaire, where hunger and disease awaited them.
CaptionHaving fled the ethnic violence in their home country of Rwanda, a mother and child cower in the rain at a makeshift hospital at the Kibumba refugee camp. The cholera epidemic wiped out countless refugees.
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CaptionGeneral Raoul Cédras, the de facto dictator of Haiti, salutes during a flag raising at the presidential palace. Cédras came to power in a coup d'état against democratically elected President Aristide in 1991. In September 1994, US President Clinton increased the pressure to depose the military clique which ruled the Caribbean republic. While a 23-vessel armada stood off the island ready to invade, a US delegation headed by former President Carter succeeded in an eleventh-hour attempt to resolve the situation peacefully. With a mere 7,700 troops to command, Haiti's military leaders had little option but to depart, thus clearing the way for Aristide's return, which was preceded by an invasion of some 20,000 US forces.
CaptionA crowd of Hasidic Jews gather in Mea Sherim to greet their spiritual leader, anti-Zionist rabbi Moses Tietelbaum. He visited after 12 years of boycotting the country.
CaptionMore than seven million children live in the streets of Brazilian cities. Some of them choose to live this way to escape from violent relatives and cramped living conditions. Many others don't have any choice. Next to their lives, they value their freedom above all else. They form an easy target for the death squads, who are largely responsible for the more than 4,600 children assassinated in metropolitan Brazil in the last five years. This reportage took the photographer to favelas (slums) all over the country, from the coastal conurbations of Salvador de Bahia, Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo to the capital, Brasilia.
Organization / PublicationZ-Management for Das Magazin
CategoryPeople in the News stories
Prize2nd prize
Date1994
CountryUSA
PlacePine Ridge Reservation, Dakota
CaptionTokahewin Clifford (22) with her two sons. The defeat at the Battle of Wounded Knee in 1890 spelled the end of the freedom of the Lakota, a native American people, when the US cavalry killed 200 of them. Self-determination and the recovery of the Black Hills territory are the goals the Lakota have set themselves. They believe they are the Seventh Generation, who according to a prophesy by holy man Black Elk will recover the power lost when their land was conquered. The need to reconcile spiritual wealth and material poverty, dreams and the harsh realities of everyday life, characterizes their existence. Numbering some 20,000, today's Lakota live in the Pine Ridge Reservation.
CaptionSurrounded by bodyguards, Nelson Mandela attends a rally near Cape Town, during his campaign for the South African Presidency. Although the elections at the end of April 1994 were marked by many irregularities, they passed off peacefully. As expected, the ANC swept to victory with 62.6 percent of the vote, winning 252 of the 400 seats in the new parliament. On May 10 Mandela was sworn in as South Africa's first black president.
CaptionPeter Schmeichel, Manchester United's Danish goalkeeper, saves the day for his club during a match against Tottenham Hotspur in the English Premier League. The spectacular save came in the last minute of injury time, ending the game in a 1-1 draw.
CaptionAt the Winter Olympics a Japanese ski jumper propels himself down the 120-meter jump towards the Olympic flame. Most of the Olympic medals went to the Russian Federation, with the host country finishing second and Germany, which collected the gold for this event, in third place.
CaptionA trail of droplets fills the air as a diver executes a jump from the 10m diving board. The picture was taken at the World Swimming Championships. The 10m jump was won by Sautin from the Russian Federation.
CaptionMark Crear (US) leads the field as six athletes clear a hurdle during a 110m race at Duke University. The race formed part of a two-day track and field event in which US athletes competed against a Pan-African team drawn from different nations. The championship title went to the Americans.
CaptionPush-ups are part of the training. Guru Hanuman (95) is celibate and a vegetarian. He was given his name, which he shares with the valiant monkey-god of Hindu legend, by holy men when he went in search of god as a teenager. He runs a wrestling school in Old Delhi. Since it opened in 1928, about 100,000 boys have attended the gymnasium, where aspiring athletes from the age of five are put through rigorous training routines. The guru's students have won medals at the Asian, Commonwealth and Olympic Games. Using his political connections - he counts several maharajahs among his patrons - Guru Hanuman frequently finds his pupils jobs in the police force, the army or on the railways.
CaptionFor the rodeo cowboys traveling around America, the rodeo is not just a hobby or a job: it is a way of life. They spend most of their time on the road between one event and the net, planning their lives around the rodeo calendar. For some, it is not unusual to take part in more than 100 rodeos a year all over the US and Canada. Today's competitive rodeo, where skills like lassoing and broncobusting are demonstrated, finds its origin in the cattle ranches of the Wild West.
CaptionThe Formula One season of 1994 not only claimed the life of Ayrton Senna (Brazil), it also brought a narrow escape for Jos Verstappen (The Netherlands). At the German Grand Prix Verstappen was trapped in his Benetton-Ford when fuel splashing all over the vehicle due to mechanical failure ignited. It took seconds before the mechanics could get away from the inferno, which was brought under control just before it reached the refueling station. Thanks to the swift action of firefighters, he escaped with only minor injuries.
CaptionA hunting party sets off in the early morning. The Eglinton and Caledon Hunt take place early in the hunting season, when foes are only rarely spotted. This time, several foes were sighted and pursued.
CaptionThe atmosphere at some fashion shows can be uncomfortably hot and stuffy. These buyers have found a solution: they keep cool with a portable fan.
CaptionThe Thomaner Choir of Leipzig, in former East Germany, is steeped in tradition. Founded in 1212 by Dietrich von Meissen, it was led by Johann Sebastian Bach for 27 years in the 18th century. Even during the communist era the choir retained a considerable measure of freedom, getting permission for concerts in Spain and Japan. Over the years, the hierarchy and discipline governing the boys' lives has changed little. Their education has to be fitted into a strict schedule of rehearsals, concerts and recording sessions. The older boys are each put in charge of a recent arrival.
CaptionThe skeletons of a normal mouse and of one (top) that was genetically manipulated to be born with spina bifida. At Jackson Laboratory 1.5 million mice are bred for medical research every year. By creating mice which suffer from various diseases, biogeneticists are able to study whether and how congenital defects can be prevented and treated in humans.
CaptionA hunting trophy brought back from India in 1888 by Duke Philippe d'Orléans is being groomed for display at the Galerie de Zoologie. Seated on an elephant, the duke was preparing to shoot when the tigress attacked. Though the elephant bolted, she hung on to the basket on its back for 500m before letting go. The scene has been recreated at the museum.
CaptionThe driver of a Porsche 911 Carrera, which is steered by computer, hardly ever needs to intervene. All test data is stored in the on-board computer. Porsche spends over ten percent of its turnover on the development of new models. At Europe's car research centers billions are expended to make tomorrow's automobile safer, more economical, lighter and less damaging to the environment. Speedy application of research results in marketable products is the key to success.
CaptionAn arms show at the military center with pyrotechnics displays. Like any other industry, the producers of weaponry have to demonstrate what's on offer. As an arms manufacturer, Britain is second only to the United States, with more than half a million employed in the industry.
CaptionAt Europe's car research centers billions are expended to make tomorrow's automobile safer, more economical, lighter and less damaging to the environment. Speedy application of research results in marketable products is the key to success.
PhotographerPhilippe Bourseiller & Jacques Durieux
NationalityFrance
CategoryScience & Technology stories
Prize3rd prize
Date1994
CountryEthiopia
PlaceErta'ale, Danakil depression
CaptionAn aerial view of the crater. The first scientific expedition studying the crater lake of molten lava in 20 years, because the area had been inaccessible during the rebellion in Eritrea.
CaptionWith their razor-sharp incisors rats can tackle any prey without losing a morsel. The human population of a modern city is outnumbered three to one by rats. Underneath the city streets they move around their own dark, humid labyrinth of sewers, cellars, pipes and air ducts.
CaptionIn 1989 the great nave came alive with a spectacular sound and light show. The Galerie de Zoologie, a collection of preserved animals, finds its origin in the 19th-century fashion of displaying an exotic, stuffed mammal as a status symbol. A vast, monumental building, it provided an appropriate setting for the giraffes and elephants sent there when they were no longer in vogue. In time, it became home to some 80,000 birds and mammals, a million fish and countless invertebrates. By the 1960s, when the exhibits had cracked and crumbled, the public had moved on to other amusements and the gallery had to close. But in the summer of 1994 the new Galerie d'Evolution reopened, and provides a contemporary context for the zoology museum. The restoration of the animals was a massive project, but the inhabitants have now returned, a fresh glint in their eye and a new shine on their fur or feathers.
CaptionFather Antonio, an Italian priest, runs a home for orphans who have been abandoned by their families - often because they are disabled. Many of the children have lost their parents as a result of Aids, making them likely carriers of the HIV virus.
CaptionMourners arrive at the National Cemetery for a last farewell. In the late afternoon a row of hearses often lines the street leading up to the cemetery gate.
CaptionSince aid from the former Soviet Union ceased to reach Cuba following the fall of communism, the country's economy has plummeted. With daily necessities such as food and medication becoming increasingly scarce, thousands fled to the US Many of those who stayed behind have to look for basic supplies on the black market in the streets.
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CaptionThe Jewish settlement Bat Ayin, near Bethlehem, is inhabited by 55 families of ultra-orthodox Jews. The village's natural spring is popular with Jews living in the vicinity, but is strictly off-limits for neighboring Arabs. Jewish women can use the spring only one day a week.
CaptionAnthony Burton (8) looks up at Emmett Folgert, a friend and father figure for many of the children at the Dorchester youth center. Counselor Folgert organizes acting and dance classes at the center and helps the children look for work, keeping them away from drugs and crime.
